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NMDA Receptor Dynamics Dictate Neuronal Plasticity and Function

Modulator - Issue No. 27

…Introduction Glutamate is a key neuro-transmitter in the central nervous system and acts on a variety of cell surface receptors, collectively termed ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs)15. The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR)…

NMDA Glutamate Receptors Antibodies, Agonists, and Antagonists

NMDA glutamate receptors. By inhibiting NMDA glutamate receptors, NMDA receptor antagonists interfere with glutamate signaling and modulate synaptic transmission. NMDA receptor antagonists can induce a state of NMDA receptor hypofunction,…

The Brains on Adenosine Receptors

GPCR Pathways - Issue No. 4

…has extensively expanded its GPCR portfolio. We offer antibodies to all four adenosine receptors: Anti-Adenosine A1 Receptor Antibody (#AAR-006), Anti-Adenosine A2A Receptor Antibody (#AAR-002), Anti-Adenosine A2B Receptor (extracellular) Antibody (#AAR-003),…

Cannabinoid Signaling in the Nervous System

GPCR Pathways - Issue No. 5

…specific cannabinoid receptors: cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 Receptor or CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2 Receptor or CB2R). The cannabinoid receptors can be distinguished by their amino acid sequences, signaling…

Controversial Feelings about Dopamine Receptors

GPCR Pathways - Issue No. 4

…(#ADR-001), Anti-D2 Dopamine Receptor (extracellular) (#ADR-002), Anti-D3 Dopamine Receptor (extracellular) (#ADR-003), Anti-D4 Dopamine Receptor (#ADR-004) and Anti-D5 Dopamine Receptor (extracellular) (#ADR-005) antibodies. These antibodies enable the detection of these receptors…

Venom Peptides and their Mimetics as Potential Drugs

Modulator - Issue No. 19

receptors NMDA, kainite and AMPA. Glutamate acting on NMDA receptors is responsible for the initiation of CNS sensitization and hyperexcitability of spinal cord neurons upon nerve injury42,43. Non-specific NMDA antagonists…

Beyond Plaques: How Amyloid Precursor Protein Affects GABAergic Transmission 

…(SLC12A5) Antibody (#AKT-005) Explorer Kit: AMPA Receptor Antibody Explorer Kit (#AK-213) GABA(A) α Receptor Antibody Explorer Kit (#AK-228) GABA(A) Receptor Antibody Explorer Kit (#AK-229) NMDA Receptor Antibody Explorer Kit (#AK-214)…

The Role of Ion Channels in Neurodegeneration

Modulator - Issue No. 22

…Ca2+ influx and glutamate-triggered neuronal injury.3 The NMDA receptor in particular has been implicated in this process4 as well as the P2X7 receptor. P2X7 receptors are localized to the excitatory…

In Focus: Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors

Modulator - Issue No. 25

…the functional channel 9 . NMDA receptors are highly permeable to Ca 2+ for which its influx is essential for NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic events. Synaptic NMDA

BDNF – Second Best?

Neurotrophin Pathways - Issue No. 1

…(A) Receptor-β3 subunit phosphorylation by selectively targeting PKC, RACK-1, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to these receptors25. BDNF modulates both postsynaptic and presynaptic NMDA Receptors to enhance transmission in brain…

Understanding the Role of GluN3A in Brain Development

…reveals some fascinating insights into the GluN3A NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit and its role in tuning NMDAR synaptic trafficking and content. The Developmental Switch in NMDAR Subunits During early development,…

Synaptic markers for pre- and postsynaptic regions

…processing and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. SAP-102 also interacts with NMDA receptor complexes. Marker Anti-SAP102 Antibody (#APZ-003) Figure 23. Western blot analysis of SAP-102 in rat brain membranes using…

GDNF – a Neurotrophic Survival Factor

Neurotrophin Pathways - Issue No. 1

…RET, a tyrosine receptor kinase and GPI-linked co-receptors, belonging to the GDNF receptor α family. GDNF is a disulfide-bonded neurotrophic factor that is produced as an inactive precursor. The presignal…

GABA (B) Receptors: an Example of Subtle Modulations in a Neurotransmitter System

GPCR Pathways - Issue No. 4

…diminished transmitter release. The latter could be either autoreceptors on the GABA releasing presynaptic terminal or heteroreceptors on neighboring terminals or neurons1. GABA (B) receptors on the presynaptic membrane mostly…

Acid-Sensing Ion Channels: Structure and Function

Modulator - Issue No. 18

…neurons decreased the activity of NMDA receptors. The exact mechanism by which ASIC currents potentiate NMDA receptors and thus LTP, remains to be addressed. Interestingly, although ASIC1 can form heteromers…

Research Roundup #5 – making young heart cells, epilepsy, and myofibroblast transdifferentiation

…hippocampal hyper-excitability over one or more hours, along with an increased AMPA/NMDA ratio. The data suggest that changes in the postsynaptic glutamatergic receptors are the main mechanism behind the elevation…

Research Roundup #2 – aHUS and iPSCs, schizophrenia, and GETIs

…disruption of the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, via N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction alongside GABAergic neurotransmission dysfunction, may contribute to schizophrenia. To unravel the relationship between NMDAR hypofunction and GABAergic inhibition, the…

Regulatory Aspects of mGluRs

GPCR Pathways - Issue No. 5

…ionotrophic receptors (iGluRs; AMPA, NMDA and kainate) which conduct fast excitatory transmission, and metabotrophic, G protein-coupled receptors on postsynaptic membranes, which modulate the plasticity and dynamics of excitable synapses5,8,14. The…

MAGUK’s Protein Family

Modulator - Issue No. 15

…C-terminal tripeptide motif of T/SXV of NMDA receptor and PSD953,4,5 or other SAP proteins. It has also been shown that the binding of PSD95 to the C-terminus of Shaker K+

NT-3 and NT-4 at the Nerve Center of Neurotrophic Research

Neurotrophin Pathways - Issue No. 2

…cascade in switching the NMDA receptor subunit composition from NR2B to NR2C in the developing cerebellum. BDNF in cerebellar granule cells treated with low amount (5 nM) of KCl up-regulated…

Contribution of Ion Channels in Pain Sensation

Modulator - Issue No. 19

…ion channels, P2X, NMDA, AMPA and Kainate receptors are some of the ion channels involved in the pathogenesis of pain10, several of which will be reviewed here. Introduction Pain is…

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