Overview
- Peptide CKQKPTEKAANYS, corresponding to amino acid residues 336-349 of rat Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (Accession Q01717). Intracellular, C-terminus.
Western blot analysis of rat brain (lanes 1 and 4), human Jurkat acute T cell leukemia cell (lanes 2 and 5) and mouse MS1 pancreas cell (lanes 3 and 6) lysates:1-3. Anti-TRHR1 Antibody (#ATR-005), (1:200).
4-6. Anti-TRHR1 Antibody, preincubated with TRHR1 Blocking Peptide (#BLP-TR005).
Expression of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 in mouse MS1 cellsImmunocytochemical staining of mouse pancreatic islet endothelial (MS1) cells. Cells were stained using Anti-TRHR1 Antibody (#ATR-005) followed by goat-anti-rabbit-AlexaFluor-594 secondary antibody (red). Nuclear staining was demonstrated using DAPI as the counterstain (blue).
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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a widely distributed tripeptide which acts as a hormone, a paracrine regulatory factor and a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. It is expressed in many parts of the brain as well as in various peripheral tissues1,2.
In the hypothalamus, TRH is secreted from the paraventricular nucleus (VPN) by TRH neurons prior to a post-translational processing from its precursor, pro-TRH. A key player in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, TRH is released into the hypophyseal portal circulation of the median eminence and reaches the pituitary, where it binds to TRH receptors, thereby stimulating the secretion of tyrothropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH). TSH, in turn, affects the thyroid to produce T4 which is subsequently converted into its biologically-active analog, T3 - a negative mediator of TRH. In the tanycytes, ependymal cells of glial origin located in close proximity to the VPN, T4 is converted to T3 by the enzyme deiodinase II (dio2) - a counterpart to deiodinase III (dio3) which conversely inactivates the above mentioned thyroid hormones, thus indirectly promoting the production of TRHs3,4.
TRH receptor 1 (TRH-R1), the only identified TRH receptor in humans, is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) abundant in the anterior pituitary, neuroendocrine system, autonomic nervous system and the visceral regions of the brain2,5. Like all members of GPCRs, the TRH receptor has seven transmembrane domains, and extracellular N-terminus and intracellular C-terminal tail. TRH receptor couples Gq upon activation which in turn leads to the activation of phospholipase C5.
From a behavioral aspect, it was shown that TRH-coupled TRH-R1 increases cognitive arousal by directly exciting the sleep/wake system in the lateral hypothalamic area, and inhibits seizure activity in the hippocampus by facilitating GABA release. Conversely, its deficiency, as observed in mutant model mice, is linked to growth retardation, depression, and anxiety-like behavior1,6,7.
Anti-TRHR1 Antibody (#ATR-005) is a highly specific antibody directed against an epitope of the rat Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1. The antibody can be used in western blot and immunocytochemistry applications. It has been designed to recognize TRH-R from rat, mouse, and human samples.
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