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D-AP5

5-Phosphono-D-norvaline, D-Norvaline, 5-Phosphono-, D(-)-APV, D-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, D-2-Amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid, D(-)-AP-5

A Competitive NMDA Receptor Antagonist

Cat #: D-145
Alternative Name 5-Phosphono-D-norvaline, D-Norvaline, 5-Phosphono-, D(-)-APV, D-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, D-2-Amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid, D(-)-AP-5
Lyophilized Powder yes
  • Bioassay Tested
    • Source Synthetic
    MW: 197.1
    Purity: >95%
    Effective concentration 100 nM - 100 µM.
    Structure
    Chemical name (2R)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid.
    Molecular formula C5H12NO5P.
    CAS No.: 79055-68-8
    PubChem CID 135342
    Activity D-AP5 is an NMDA receptor antagonist. IC50 = 0.28 µM (NR2A), 0.46 µM (NR2B), 1.6 µM (NR2C)1.
    References-Activity
    1. Feuerbach, D. et al. (2010) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 637, 46.
    Shipping and storage Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.
    Solubility 25 mg/ml in H2O. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).
    Storage of solutions Up to four weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C.
    Our bioassay
    • Alomone Labs D-AP5 inhibits NMDA (NR1+NR2A) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. 
      Alomone Labs D-AP5 inhibits NMDA (NR1+NR2A) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. 
      A. Time course of NMDA currents elicited with 100 µM glutamate every 50 sec, while membrane potential was held at -80 mV. 10 and 100 µM D-AP5 (#D-145), applied for 2 min each, reversibly inhibited current amplitude. B. Superimposed current traces taken from experiment in A.
    References - Scientific background
    1. Ambert, N. et al. (2010) Open Access Bioinformatics 2, 113.
    2. Nosyreva, E. et al. (2014) Front Mol. Neurosci. 7, 94.
    3. Brozoski, T.J. et al. (2013) PLoS One 8, e77674.
    4. Petsanis, K. et al. (2012) BMC Physiol. 12, 5.
    Scientific background

    D-2-Amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid (D-AP5) is an NMDA receptor antagonist that competitively inhibits the glutamate binding site of NMDA receptors with an IC50 value of 30 µM2. D-AP5 has been shown to cause damage in memory and learning processes and has the ability to trigger synaptic potentiation in the mature hippocampus2.

    Blockade by NMDA antagonists may cause glutamate-elicited calcium influx. In addition, it is known for its antinociceptive action.

    The NMDA receptor plays important physiological and pathological roles in the central nervous system. The receptor binds the neurotransmitter L-glutamate and meditates the majority of the fast excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. In addition, it induces current formation in neurons. Evidence shows that the inhibitory effects of AP5 are independent of membrane potential but decrease with increasing stimulation frequency1,2.

    Several studies have suggested that local blockade of NMDA receptors attenuates chronic tinnitus, thus D-AP5 could have a clinical role in tinnitus protection3. Administration of D-AP5 reverses axotomy effects such as contractile properties and locomotor behavior in animals without any observable side-effects. D-AP5 may present therapeutic potential in other models of excitotoxic injuries4.

    Target NMDA receptors
    Lyophilized Powder
    Image & Title D-AP5
    Alomone Labs D-AP5 strongly inhibits EPSP amplification in dorsal CA1 pyramidal cells.Increase in EPSP integrals with depolarization (EPSP amplification) is significantly smaller in ventral pyramidal cells (left panel). EPSP amplification in the presence of 50 µM D-AP5 (#D-145) was strongly inhibited in dorsal CA1 pyramidal cells. Blocking NMDARs had no effect on EPSPs in ventral pyramidal cells (right panel).Adapted from Babiec, W.E. et al. (2017) J. Neurosci. 37, 1950. with the permission of the Society for Neuroscience.
    Last update: 12/05/2022

    D-AP5 (#D-145) is a highly pure, synthetic, and biologically active compound.

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    For research purposes only, not for human use

    Applications

    Citations

    Citations
    Electrophysiology
    1. Zebrafish brain slices (mEPSC recordings).
      Nakajo, H. et al. (2020) Cell Rep. 31, 107790.
    2. Rat brain slices (whole-cell patch clamp).
      Arnold, E.C. et al. (2019) eNeuro 6, 0036-19.
    3. Mouse olfactory bulb (whole-cell voltage clamp).
      Beiersdorfer, A. and Lohr, C. (2019) Front. Cell. Neurosci. 13, 451.
    4. Mouse brain slices.
      Maciag, F. et al. (2019) Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res. 1866, 1137.
    Product citations
    1. Babiec, W.E. et al. (2017) J. Neurosci. 37, 1950.
    2. Droste, D. et al. (2017) Sci. Rep. 7, 44817.

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