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α-Bungarotoxin-ATTO Fluor-633

Long neurotoxin 1, α-Bgtx, α-BuTX

A Fluorescent Conjugate for Sensitive Detection of Neuromuscular Junctions, GABA(A) Receptors, nAChRs, and α-Bungarotoxin Binding Sites

Cat #: B-100-FR
Alternative Name Long neurotoxin 1, α-Bgtx, α-BuTX
Lyophilized Powder yes
  • Bioassay Tested
    • Origin Modified natural protein isolated from Bungarus multicinctus (Many-banded krait).
    MW: ~9140 Da
    Purity: >95% (HPLC)
    Form Lyophilized powder.
    Effective concentration 1 nM - 3 μM.
    Sequence IVCHTTATSPISAVTCPPGENLCYRKMWCDAFCSSRGKVVELGCAATCPSKKPYEEVTCCSTDKCNPHPKQRPG.
    Modifications Disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys23, Cys16-Cys44, Cys29-Cys33, Cys48-Cys59 and Cys60-Cys65.
    Label ATTO-633. ATTO dyes are characterized by strong absorption (high extinction coefficient), high fluorescence quantum yield, and high photo-stability. ATTO-633 maximum absorption is 629 nm and maximum fluorescence is at 657 nm. The fluorescence is excited most efficiently in the 610-645 nm range. This label is analogous to the well known dye Alexa 647, Alexa 633 and Cy5. The extent of labeling is 1-3 molecules of dye per molecule α-Bungarotoxin.
    Structure
    Activity α-Bungarotoxin blocks postsynaptic neuromuscular transmission via competitive inhibition of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs), thereby preventing the depolarizing action on postsynaptic membranes and blocking neuromuscular transmission. Selective for α7 receptors (IC50 value of 1.6 nM) and α3/β4 receptors (IC50 value of >3 μM)1,2. The toxin also blocks GABA(A) receptor subtypes3.
    References-Activity
    1. Wilson, S.P. and Kirshner, N. (1977) J. Neurochem. 28, 687.
    2. Garcia-Guzman, M. et al. (1995) Eur. J. Neurosci. 7, 647.
    3. McCann, C.M. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 5149.
    Shipping and storage Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C. Avoid exposure to light.
    Solubility Any aqueous buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min). The product is lyophilized in 0.5 ml conical vial. Avoid exposure to light.
    Storage of solutions Up to two weeks at 4°C or three months at -20°C. Avoid exposure to light.
    Our bioassay
    • Alomone Labs α-Bungarotoxin-ATTO Fluor-633 inhibits muscle nACh receptors heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
      Alomone Labs α-Bungarotoxin-ATTO Fluor-633 inhibits muscle nACh receptors heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
      A. Time course of muscle nicotinic ACh channel current recording. Membrane potential was held at -80 mV and stimulated every 100 sec with a solution containing 100 µM ACh + 3 μM PNU-120596. 50 nM α-Bungarotoxin-ATTO Fluor-633 (#B-100-FR) was applied (green) for 5 min during the ACh application and inhibited channel current. B. Superimposed examples of muscle nicotinic ACh current in the absence (black) and presence (green) of 50 nM α-Bungarotoxin-ATTO Fluor-633 (taken from the experiment in A).
    References - Scientific background
    1. Ohta, M. et al. (1987) FEBS Lett. 222, 79.
    2. Wilson, P.T. et al. (1988) Mol. Pharmacol. 34, 643.
    3. Wilson, S.P. and Kirshner, N. (1977) J. Neurochem. 28, 687.
    4. Garcia-Guzman, M. et al. (1995) Eur. J. Neurosci. 7, 647.
    5. McCann, C.M. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 5149.
    Scientific background

    α-Bungarotoxin isoform A31 is a 74 amino acid peptidyl toxin isolated from the venom of the banded krait snake, Bungarus multicinctus1.

    α-Bungarotoxin blocks postsynaptic neuromuscular transmission via competitive inhibition of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) with an IC50 of 3.5 x 10-10 M, thereby preventing the depolarizing action on postsynaptic membranes and blocking neuromuscular transmission2.

    The toxin is selective for α7 receptors (IC50 value of 1.6 nM) and α3/β4 receptors (IC50 value of >3 µM)3,4.

    α-Bungarotoxin also binds to and blocks a subset of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) that contain the GABAAR β3 subunit. In particular, α-Bungarotoxin blocks GABAARs that contain interfaces between adjacent β3 subunits5.

    Target α7, α1/β1/γ/δ nAChR and GABA(A) receptor subtypes
    Peptide Content: 100%
    Lyophilized Powder
    Image & Title

    α-Bungarotoxin-ATTO Fluor-633Alomone Labs α-Bungarotoxin-ATTO Fluor-633 in whole mount staining of mice neuromuscular junction (NMJ)Whole mount staining of mouse neuromuscular junction (NMJ) was stained with the NMJ marker α-Bungarotoxin-ATTO Fluor-633 (#B-100-FR) (purple) at 1 µg/ml concentration.The image was taken using Nikon Epifluorescence microscopy at 60X magnification and is kindly provided by Dr. Eran Perlsson, Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

    Last update: 02/01/2022

    α-Bungarotoxin-ATTO Fluor-633 (#B-100-FR) is a highly pure, natural, and biologically active conjugated peptide toxin.

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    For research purposes only, not for human use

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