Cardiovascular

Cardiovascular

Advanced Research Tools for Cardiac and Vascular Systems.

Antibodies, ligands, toxins, and small-molecule modulators made and tested in-house for ion channels, GPCRs, transporters, and signaling proteins expressed in cardiac and vascular systems. Reagents support immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), western blot (WB), flow cytometry, or patch-clamp electrophysiology across cardiomyocytes, smooth-muscle cells, and vascular models.

FAQs

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If you can’t find the answer, please contact us.

  • The blocking peptide is the antigen we use for immunization during antibody generation so that we can create an antigen-specific antibody. You can use this blocking peptide as a negative control alongside other controls in an immunoassay to give some insight into antibody specificity, but not selectivity.

    It’s important to note that the blocking peptide is not an effective control for use with live cells. If you need a control for flow cytometry, we recommend an isotype antibody control instead.

    For more details, see our guide to blocking peptides.

  • We carefully choose the epitope for immunization, taking into account two main parameters: immunogenicity and specificity of the epitope.

    Before immunization, we run a search to verify that the chosen epitope has maximum homology with other species and minimum homology among members of the same family or other proteins. After immunization and collection of sera, the antibodies are affinity-purified on immobilized antigens (the injected peptides).

    This means you shouldn’t have to worry about your antibody cross-reacting with close members of the same protein family.

  • Affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies are mainly IgGs.

  • Our reagents are shipped as stable, lyophilized powders. Before opening, we recommend centrifuging the vial (e.g., 10,000 × g for 5 minutes) to ensure all material is collected at the bottom, as the pellet can be difficult to see.

    To reconstitute, add your solvent directly to the vial to prepare a concentrated stock solution. Dissolve by gently tapping or rolling the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. For neurotrophins, pro-neurotrophins, and growth factors, we recommend avoiding vortexing entirely. Once dissolved, spin the vial down again and divide the solution into single-use aliquots for storage at -20°C.

    For specific protocols, please refer to the individual product page and use our Molarity Calculator.

    Solvent Selection & Guidelines

    Venom Toxins: Usually soluble in pure water (ddH₂O) at high micromolar concentrations (0.1–1 mM). While they are typically compatible with any aqueous buffer, we highly recommend preparing the initial stock solution in pure water unless stated otherwise.

    Neurotrophins & Growth Factors: Our general recommendation is to reconstitute with sterile water at a concentration of 0.1–1.0 mg/mL as a stock solution. For storage of dilute working solutions of specific proteins, we recommend adding a carrier protein (e.g., 0.1% BSA) to your buffer to prevent material loss due to protein adsorption. Always check the product-specific datasheet to ensure additives are compatible with your reagent.

    Important Handling Notes:

    We recommend preparing fresh working buffers before each use.
    Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
    Avoid heating peptides/proteins. Work at ambient room temperature and no higher than 37°C.

953 Results
  • Zacopride (hydrochloride)
    A Potent Antagonist of 5-HT3 Receptors and an Agonist of 5-HT4 Receptors
    • Product Code: Z-110
    • Short Description: A Potent Antagonist of 5-HT3 Receptors and an Agonist of 5-HT4 Receptors
    • CAS No.: 101303-98-4
    • MW: 346.25
  • Zibotentan
    A Selective Antagonist of Endothelin A Receptors
    • Product Code: Z-130
    • Short Description: A Selective Antagonist of Endothelin A Receptors
    • CAS No.: 186497-07-4
    • MW: 424.43
  • µ-Conotoxin BuIIIA
    A potent blocker of neuronal NaV1.2 and skeletal muscle NaV1.4 voltage-gated sodium channels
    • Product Code: STC-540
    • Short Description: A potent blocker of neuronal NaV1.2 and skeletal muscle NaV1.4 voltage-gated sodium channels
    • Applications: Electrophysiology
    • MW: 2751 Da
  • µ-Conotoxin BuIIIC
    A potent and selective blocker of skeletal muscle NaV1.4 voltage-gated sodium channels
    • Product Code: STC-690
    • Short Description: A potent and selective blocker of skeletal muscle NaV1.4 voltage-gated sodium channels
    • Applications: Electrophysiology
    • MW: 3006 Da
  • µ-Conotoxin CnIIIC
    A potent blocker of skeletal muscle NaV1.4 and neuronal NaV1.2 sodium channels, which also inhibits the α3/β2 nAChR
    • Product Code: STC-640
    • Short Description: A potent blocker of skeletal muscle NaV1.4 and neuronal NaV1.2 sodium channels, which also inhibits the α3/β2 nAChR
    • Applications: Electrophysiology
    • MW: 2376 Da
  • µ-Conotoxin GIIIA
    A potent and selective blocker of skeletal muscle NaV1.4 voltage-gated sodium channels
    • Product Code: STC-280
    • Short Description: A potent and selective blocker of skeletal muscle NaV1.4 voltage-gated sodium channels
    • Applications: Electrophysiology
    • CAS No.: 129129-65-3
    • MW: 2609 Da
  • µ-Conotoxin GIIIB
    A selective blocker of skeletal muscle NaV1.4 channels
    • Product Code: C-270
    • Short Description: A selective blocker of skeletal muscle NaV1.4 channels
    • Applications: Electrophysiology
    • CAS No.: 140678-12-2
    • MW: 2640 Da
  • µ-Conotoxin PIIIA
    A potent blocker of the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium NaV1.4 channel that also inhibits other TTX-sensitive neuronal NaV channels
    • Product Code: STC-400
    • Short Description: A potent blocker of the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium NaV1.4 channel that also inhibits other TTX-sensitive neuronal NaV channels
    • Applications: Electrophysiology
    • MW: 2604 Da
  • µ-Conotoxin SxIIIA
    A potent blocker of the skeletal muscle NaV1.4 channel, with moderate activity on neuronal NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.6 channels
    • Product Code: STC-645
    • Short Description: A potent blocker of the skeletal muscle NaV1.4 channel, with moderate activity on neuronal NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.6 channels
    • Applications: Electrophysiology
    • MW: 2271.7 Da
  • µ-TRTX-Df1a
    A broad-spectrum modulator of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels that also inhibits T-type (CaV3) calcium channels
    • Product Code: STD-050
    • Short Description: A broad-spectrum modulator of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels that also inhibits T-type (CaV3) calcium channels
    • Applications: Electrophysiology
    • MW: 4078.6 Da
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