Immunology

Immunology

Reagents for immune-cell receptors, cytokine pathways, and inflammatory signaling.

In-house produced and validated antibodies, peptides, ligands, and modulators for research of membrane proteins expressed in immune and glial cells, including ion channels, GPCRs, cytokines, and chemokine receptors. Suitable for immunoassays like immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), western blot (WB), or flow cytometry, as well as functional assays assessing activation and signaling states.

FAQs

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If you can’t find the answer, please contact us.

  • The blocking peptide is the antigen we use for immunization during antibody generation so that we can create an antigen-specific antibody. You can use this blocking peptide as a negative control alongside other controls in an immunoassay to give some insight into antibody specificity, but not selectivity.

    It’s important to note that the blocking peptide is not an effective control for use with live cells. If you need a control for flow cytometry, we recommend an isotype antibody control instead.

    For more details, see our guide to blocking peptides.

  • We carefully choose the epitope for immunization, taking into account two main parameters: immunogenicity and specificity of the epitope.

    Before immunization, we run a search to verify that the chosen epitope has maximum homology with other species and minimum homology among members of the same family or other proteins. After immunization and collection of sera, the antibodies are affinity-purified on immobilized antigens (the injected peptides).

    This means you shouldn’t have to worry about your antibody cross-reacting with close members of the same protein family.

  • Affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies are mainly IgGs.

  • Our reagents are shipped as stable, lyophilized powders. Before opening, we recommend centrifuging the vial (e.g., 10,000 × g for 5 minutes) to ensure all material is collected at the bottom, as the pellet can be difficult to see.

    To reconstitute, add your solvent directly to the vial to prepare a concentrated stock solution. Dissolve by gently tapping or rolling the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. For neurotrophins, pro-neurotrophins, and growth factors, we recommend avoiding vortexing entirely. Once dissolved, spin the vial down again and divide the solution into single-use aliquots for storage at -20°C.

    For specific protocols, please refer to the individual product page and use our Molarity Calculator.

    Solvent Selection & Guidelines

    Venom Toxins: Usually soluble in pure water (ddH₂O) at high micromolar concentrations (0.1–1 mM). While they are typically compatible with any aqueous buffer, we highly recommend preparing the initial stock solution in pure water unless stated otherwise.

    Neurotrophins & Growth Factors: Our general recommendation is to reconstitute with sterile water at a concentration of 0.1–1.0 mg/mL as a stock solution. For storage of dilute working solutions of specific proteins, we recommend adding a carrier protein (e.g., 0.1% BSA) to your buffer to prevent material loss due to protein adsorption. Always check the product-specific datasheet to ensure additives are compatible with your reagent.

    Important Handling Notes:

    We recommend preparing fresh working buffers before each use.
    Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
    Avoid heating peptides/proteins. Work at ambient room temperature and no higher than 37°C.

2172 Results
  • Guinea Pig Anti-GFAP Antibody
    A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
    • Product Code: AFP-001-GP
    • Short Description: A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Rat, Mouse
    • Applications: Western blot, Immunohistochemistry
    • Target: Glial fibrillary acidic protein
  • Guinea pig Anti-GIRK2 (K<sub>ir</sub>3.2) Antibody
    A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to GIRK2 (Kir3.2) Channel
    • Product Code: APC-006-GP
    • Short Description: A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to GIRK2 (Kir3.2) Channel
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Rat, Mouse
    • Applications: Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry
    • Target: G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2, Kcnj6
  • Guinea pig Anti-GluR1 (GluA1) (extracellular) Antibody
    A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor 1 (GluR1)
    • Product Code: AGC-004-GP
    • Short Description: A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor 1 (GluR1)
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Human, Rat, Mouse
    • Applications: Live cell imaging, Western blot, Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry
    • Target: AMPA Receptor 1, Glutamate receptor 1, Ionotropic glutamate receptor 1, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 1, GRIA1, GluR-A, GluR-K1
  • Guinea pig Anti-GluR2 (GluA2) (extracellular) Antibody
    A Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody to AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor 2 (GluR2)
    • Product Code: AGC-005-GP
    • Short Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody to AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor 2 (GluR2)
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Rat, Mouse
    • Applications: Live cell imaging, Western blot, Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence
    • Target: AMPA receptor 2, Glutamate receptor 2, Ionotropic glutamate receptor 2, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 2, GRIA2, GluR-B, GluR-K2
  • Guinea pig Anti-GluR3 (GluA3) (extracellular) Antibody
    A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor 3 (GluR3)
    • Product Code: AGC-010-GP
    • Short Description: A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor 3 (GluR3)
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Human, Rat, Mouse
    • Applications: Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry
    • Target: AMPA receptor 3, Glutamate receptor 3, Ionotropic glutamate receptor 3, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 3, GRIA3, GluR-C, GluR-K3
  • Guinea pig Anti-HCN1 Antibody
    A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to HCN1 Channel
    • Product Code: APC-056-GP
    • Short Description: A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to HCN1 Channel
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Mouse
    • Applications: Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry
    • Target: Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 1, HAC2, Brain cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1, BCNG1, Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1
  • Guinea pig Anti-HCN4 Antibody
    A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to HCN4 Channel
    • Product Code: APC-052-GP
    • Short Description: A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to HCN4 Channel
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Human, Rat, Mouse
    • Applications: Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry
    • Target: Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4
  • Guinea Pig Anti-Homer1 Antibody
    A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to Homer1
    • Product Code: APZ-026-GP
    • Short Description: A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to Homer1
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Human, Rat, Mouse
    • Applications: Western blot, Immunohistochemistry
    • Target: Homer protein homolog 1, Homer scaffolding protein 1, Vesl-1, Ves 1, PSD-Zip45, SYN47
  • Guinea Pig Anti-IBA1/AIF1 Antibody
    A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to IBA1/AIF1
    • Product Code: ACS-010-GP
    • Short Description: A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to IBA1/AIF1
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Human, Rat, Mouse
    • Applications: Western blot, Immunohistochemistry
    • Target: Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1, MRF-1, Microglia response factor
  • Guinea pig Anti-KCNMA1 (K<sub>Ca</sub>1.1) (1097-1196) Antibody
    A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to KCNMA1 (KCa1.1) Channel
    • Product Code: APC-021-GP
    • Short Description: A Guinea Pig Polyclonal Antibody to KCNMA1 (KCa1.1) Channel
    • Host: Guinea Pig
    • Label: Unconjugated
    • Reactivity: Human, Rat, Mouse
    • Applications: Western blot
    • Target: Large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel subfamily M subunit alpha-1, BKCa alpha, Maxi K+, Slo1
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