Immunology

Immunology

Reagents for immune-cell receptors, cytokine pathways, and inflammatory signaling.

In-house produced and validated antibodies, peptides, ligands, and modulators for research of membrane proteins expressed in immune and glial cells, including ion channels, GPCRs, cytokines, and chemokine receptors. Suitable for immunoassays like immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), western blot (WB), or flow cytometry, as well as functional assays assessing activation and signaling states.

FAQs

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If you can’t find the answer, please contact us.

  • The blocking peptide is the antigen we use for immunization during antibody generation so that we can create an antigen-specific antibody. You can use this blocking peptide as a negative control alongside other controls in an immunoassay to give some insight into antibody specificity, but not selectivity.

    It’s important to note that the blocking peptide is not an effective control for use with live cells. If you need a control for flow cytometry, we recommend an isotype antibody control instead.

    For more details, see our guide to blocking peptides.

  • We carefully choose the epitope for immunization, taking into account two main parameters: immunogenicity and specificity of the epitope.

    Before immunization, we run a search to verify that the chosen epitope has maximum homology with other species and minimum homology among members of the same family or other proteins. After immunization and collection of sera, the antibodies are affinity-purified on immobilized antigens (the injected peptides).

    This means you shouldn’t have to worry about your antibody cross-reacting with close members of the same protein family.

  • Affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies are mainly IgGs.

  • Our reagents are shipped as stable, lyophilized powders. Before opening, we recommend centrifuging the vial (e.g., 10,000 × g for 5 minutes) to ensure all material is collected at the bottom, as the pellet can be difficult to see.

    To reconstitute, add your solvent directly to the vial to prepare a concentrated stock solution. Dissolve by gently tapping or rolling the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. For neurotrophins, pro-neurotrophins, and growth factors, we recommend avoiding vortexing entirely. Once dissolved, spin the vial down again and divide the solution into single-use aliquots for storage at -20°C.

    For specific protocols, please refer to the individual product page and use our Molarity Calculator.

    Solvent Selection & Guidelines

    Venom Toxins: Usually soluble in pure water (ddH₂O) at high micromolar concentrations (0.1–1 mM). While they are typically compatible with any aqueous buffer, we highly recommend preparing the initial stock solution in pure water unless stated otherwise.

    Neurotrophins & Growth Factors: Our general recommendation is to reconstitute with sterile water at a concentration of 0.1–1.0 mg/mL as a stock solution. For storage of dilute working solutions of specific proteins, we recommend adding a carrier protein (e.g., 0.1% BSA) to your buffer to prevent material loss due to protein adsorption. Always check the product-specific datasheet to ensure additives are compatible with your reagent.

    Important Handling Notes:

    We recommend preparing fresh working buffers before each use.
    Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
    Avoid heating peptides/proteins. Work at ambient room temperature and no higher than 37°C.

2177 Results
  • Recombinant human FGF-b protein
    A recombinant human growth factor (FGF-2/bFGF) that promotes cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and neuronal survival via FGFR receptors
    • Product Code: F-170
    • Short Description: A recombinant human growth factor (FGF-2/bFGF) that promotes cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and neuronal survival via FGFR receptors
    • Applications: Cell Culture, Neurosphere formation, Proliferation assay
    • MW: 16.5 kDa
  • Recombinant human GDNF protein
    A recombinant human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) that enhances the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic and motor neurons via GFRα1/RET receptor complex
    • Product Code: G-240
    • Short Description: A recombinant human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) that enhances the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic and motor neurons via GFRα1/RET receptor complex
    • Applications: Axon growth, Cell Culture, Western blot
    • MW: 30.1 kDa (dimer)
  • Recombinant human LIF protein
    A recombinant human Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) cytokine that promotes stem cell self-renewal and inhibits differentiation by signaling through the LIFR/gp130 receptor complex
    • Product Code: L-200
    • Short Description: A recombinant human Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) cytokine that promotes stem cell self-renewal and inhibits differentiation by signaling through the LIFR/gp130 receptor complex
    • Applications: Cell Culture, Proliferation assay, Western blot
    • MW: 19.7 kDa
  • Recombinant human Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) protein
    A recombinant human neurotrophin that promotes neuronal survival and differentiation via the TrkC and p75NTR receptors
    • Product Code: N-260
    • Short Description: A recombinant human neurotrophin that promotes neuronal survival and differentiation via the TrkC and p75NTR receptors
    • Applications: Cell Culture, In vivo, Western blot, Neurite outgrowth assay
    • MW: 27.2 kDa (dimer)
  • Recombinant human Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) protein
    A recombinant human neurotrophin that promotes neuronal survival and differentiation via the TrkB and p75NTR receptors
    • Product Code: N-270
    • Short Description: A recombinant human neurotrophin that promotes neuronal survival and differentiation via the TrkB and p75NTR receptors
    • Applications: Cell Culture, Survival assay, Western blot
    • MW: 28.1 kDa
  • Recombinant human Persephin protein
    A recombinant human neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of dopaminergic and motor neurons, primarily via the GFRα4 and RET receptor complex
    • Product Code: P-320
    • Short Description: A recombinant human neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of dopaminergic and motor neurons, primarily via the GFRα4 and RET receptor complex
    • Applications: Proliferation assay, Neurite outgrowth assay
    • MW: 20.6 kDa (dimer)
  • Recombinant human Pleiotrophin protein
    A recombinant human heparin-binding growth factor (PTN) that promotes neuronal growth, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation by binding to receptors including PTPRZ and ALK
    • Product Code: P-150
    • Short Description: A recombinant human heparin-binding growth factor (PTN) that promotes neuronal growth, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation by binding to receptors including PTPRZ and ALK
    • Applications: Neurite outgrowth assay
    • MW: 15.4 kDa
  • Recombinant human proBDNF (cleavage resistant) protein
    A recombinant human, cleavage-resistant proBDNF protein produced in E. coli that functions exclusively as a ligand for the p75NTR/sortilin receptor complex
    • Product Code: B-256
    • Short Description: A recombinant human, cleavage-resistant proBDNF protein produced in E. coli that functions exclusively as a ligand for the p75NTR/sortilin receptor complex
    • Applications: Cell Culture, Western blot
    • MW: 51.41 kDa (dimer)
  • Recombinant human proBDNF protein
    A recombinant human proBDNF protein produced in E. coli that functions exclusively as a ligand for the p75NTR/sortilin receptor complex
    • Product Code: B-257
    • Short Description: A recombinant human proBDNF protein produced in E. coli that functions exclusively as a ligand for the p75NTR/sortilin receptor complex
    • Applications: Cell Culture, In vitro binding assay, Western blot
    • MW: 51.78 kDa (dimer)
  • Recombinant human proNGF (cleavage resistant) protein
    A cleavage-resistant recombinant human proNGF that binds TrkA, p75NTR, and SORT1 receptors involved in both cell survival and apoptosis
    • Product Code: N-285
    • Short Description: A cleavage-resistant recombinant human proNGF that binds TrkA, p75NTR, and SORT1 receptors involved in both cell survival and apoptosis
    • Applications: Cell Culture, Survival assay, Neurite outgrowth assay
    • MW: 49.9 kDa (dimer)
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