Overview
- GST fusion protein with the sequence VANQDPVSPSLVQGRIVKPN NNNMPSSDDGLEHNKIQNGKAPRDPVTENCVQGEEKESSNDSTSV SAVASNMRDDEITQDENTVSTSLGHSKDENSKQTCIRIGTKTPKS DSCTPTNTTVEVVGSSGQNGDE, corresponding to amino acid residues 225-356 of human M2 (Accession P08172). 3rd intracellular loop.
- Western blot analysis of rat brain membranes:1. Anti-CHRM2 Antibody (#AMR-002), (1:200).
2. Anti-CHRM2 Antibody, preincubated with CHRM2 Blocking Peptide (#BLP-MR002).
- Xenopus oocyte membranes (Vorobiov, D. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 4166.).
- Expression of Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 in mouse parieto-temporal cortex sectionsImmunohistochemical staining of mouse parieto-temporal cortex frozen sections (non-consecutive) using Anti-GIRK2 (Kir3.2) Antibody (#APC-006), (1:100) and Anti-CHRM2 Antibody (#AMR-002), (1:100). mAChR M2 staining (red) was dense in layer IV, with fibers climbing to layers II-III. Kir3.2 K+ channel staining (green) was dense in layers IV and I. Overlapping expression of Kir3.2 channel and mAChR M2 is seen in cortical layers.
- Human colon (1:50) (Harrington, A.M. et al. (2010) Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 22, 999.).
- Mouse HL-1 cells (1:500) (Nobles, M. et al. (2010) Pflugers Arch. 460, 99.).
- Felder, C.C. et al. (2000) J. Med. Chem. 43, 4333.
- Forsythe, S.M. et al. (2002) Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 26, 298.
- Ferreira, A.R. et al. (2003) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 74, 411.
- Van der Zee, E.A. and Luiten, P.G. (1999) Prog. Neurol. 58, 409.
- Tata, A.M. et al. (1999) Brain Res. 824, 63.
- Shapiro, M.S. et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 10899.
- Jin, W. and Lu, Z. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 13291.
The action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is mediated through two types of receptors, the ionotropic nicotinic receptors and the metabotropic muscarinic receptors. The muscarinic receptors belong to the superfamily of 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Five subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been cloned and are named M1-M5.1-2
The muscarinic receptors are widely distributed throughout the body but are predominantly expressed in the parasympathetic nervous system and exert both excitatory and inhibitory control over central and peripheral tissues.1-2
Muscarinic receptors participate in a number of physiological functions such as regulation of heart rate, muscle contraction, cognition, sensory processing, and motor control.1 They also participate in learning and memory processing.3-4
The M2 receptor is considered to be the predominant muscarinic receptor subtype that is expressed in cardiac muscle.5
The M2 and M4 receptors mediate Ca2+ channel inhibition and Kir3 K+ channel activation by directly binding the Gβγ subunit to the channel.6,7 Stimulation of the M2 receptor by acetylcholine in the heart results in activation of the Kir3.1/Kir3.4 channels causing a slowing in heart beat.7
Application key:
Species reactivity key:
Anti-CHRM2 Antibody (#AMR-002) is a highly specific antibody directed against an epitope of the human M2 muscarinic receptor. The antibody can be used in western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry applications. It has been designed to recognize M2 from mouse, rat, and human samples.
Applications
Citations
- Immunohistochemical staining of mouse brain sections. Tested in M2R-/- mice.
Garzon, M. and Pickel, V.M. (2006) J. Comp. Neurol. 498, 821.
- Mouse colon lysate.
Kim, J.E. et al. (2019) PLoS ONE 14, e0215205. - Rat bladder lysate (1:1000).
Lee, W.C. et al. (2018) Sci. Rep. 8, 5795. - Rat colon lysate.
Kim, J.E. et al. (2017) BMC Gastroenterol. 17, 21. - Rat colon lysate.
Kim, J.E. et al. (2016) PLoS ONE 11, e0161144. - Rat bladder lysate (1:1000).
Lee, W.C. et al. (2016) Sci. Rep. 6, 34669. - Mouse ventricle lysate.
Liu, Y. et al. (2013) J. Transl. Med. 11, 209.
- Xenopus oocyte membranes.
Vorobiov, D. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 4166.
- Zebrafish brain and spinal cord sections.
Bertuzzi, M and Ampatzis, K. (2018) Sci. Rep. 8, 1988. - Rat brain sections.
Garzon, M. and Pickel, V.M. (2016) J. Comp. Neurol. 524, 3084. - Human colon (1:50).
Harrington, A.M. et al. (2010) Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 22, 999. - Mouse brain sections. Also tested in M2R-/- mice.
Garzon, M. and Pickel, V.M. (2006) J. Comp. Neurol. 498, 821.
- Mouse BMVECs (brain endothelial microvascular cells), (1:100).
Radu, B.M. et al. (2017) Sci. Rep. 7, 5083. - Mouse HL-1 cells (1:500).
Nobles, M. et al. (2010) Pflugers Arch. 460, 99.
- Gregory, K.J. et al. (2012) J. Biol. Chem. 287, 37006.
- Lee, K.B. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 35767.
- Rybin, V.O. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 41447.