P2Y receptors mediate the actions of the extracellular nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP) and regulate several physiologic responses, among them, cardiac function, platelet aggregation and SMC proliferation.1 The metabotropic…
Search Results
2047 Results for "extracellular".
View results by type:
Antibodies (1669) Small Molecules (20) Proteins (12) Toxins (19) Kits & Packs (182)
Related Results
Proneurotrophins: The other half of the neurotrophin story
Modulator - Issue No. 18
…such as antibodies to proneurotrophins, Anti-proNGF Antibody (#ANT-005) and antibodies to neurotrophin receptors, Mouse Anti-Rat p75 NGF Receptor (extracellular) Antibody (#AN-170) and Mouse Anti-Rat p75 NGF Receptor (extracellular)-FITC Antibody (#AN-170-F)…
HCN Channels – The Pacemaker Channels
Modulator - Issue No. 16
…Ih activation2,13. Acetylcholine decreases the amplitude of HCN channels, and together with activation of IKAch, slows the pacing rate of nodal cells8,14. Extracellular Cl– is required for production of HCN…
The Molecular Diversity of TRP Channels and Related Proteins
Modulator - Issue No. 16
…VNO; vomeronasal organ, DAG; diacylglycerol.Adapted from2, 3. Physiological role of TRP channels The cytosolic Ca2+ serves as an intracellular mediator for many extracellular signals. The receptor coupling via heterotrimeric G…
Muscarinic Receptors
Modulator - Issue No. 15
…widely distributed through the body and found among various mammalian species3. Like other G-protein coupled receptors, they have seven transmembrane domains with extracellular N-terminus. Acetylcholine is supposed to bind to…
Modulation of Heart Function by Natural Neurotoxins
Modulator - Issue No. 15
…from two sources: extracellular, where opening of voltage-sensitive calcium channels causes an immediate rise in free cytosolic Ca2+; and intracellular due to the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum…
Regional expression of cardiac ion channels and cardiac electrical activity
Modulator - Issue No. 15
…of adult guinea pig and rat heart cells has shown that the NCX is present in all membranes of the myocytes that face the extracellular space59. Dilly et al. showed…
The Molecular Diversity of TRPC Channels and Related Proteins
Modulator - Issue No. 13
The cytosolic Ca2+ serves an intracellular mediator for many extracellular signals. The receptors coupling via heterotrimeric G proteins to different isoforms of phospholipase C (PLC) leads to the breakdown of…
Novel Neurotrophic Factors
Modulator - Issue No. 13
…in E. coli 10. In vivo activities of these neurotrophic cytokines are cell surface and extracellular matrix-associated, promoting axonal growth, guidance, attachment and stabilization11. Most probably these neurotrophic cytokines employ…
Muscarinic Receptor Family
GPCR Pathways - Issue No. 3
…receptors, they have a seven transmembrane domain with an extracellular N-terminus. The use of specific antibodies directed specifically to each one of the receptors can assist in elucidating the physiological…
Somatostatin and the Somatostatin Receptors: Versatile Regulators of Biological Activity
GPCR Pathways - Issue No. 2
…attempted, as well as a better understanding of the SSTR subtype tissue distribution in normal and diseased states. For this endeavor highly specific antibodies to both intra- and extracellular epitopes…
BDNF – Second Best?
Neurotrophin Pathways - Issue No. 1
…above, following its release to the extracellular space, BDNF binds to TrkB and to a lesser extent p75NTR on the cell surface membrane6. It was demonstrated, using K252a (#K-150) (a…
Decoding the L-Type Ca2+ Signal: A Story of Transcription Regulation
Modulator - Issue No. 21
…to modulate the extracellular signal regulated by the serine/threonine kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (P42/44 MAPK) cascade in many cell types (Figs. 1, 2). This signaling pathway plays a fundamental role…
TTA-P2 and TTA-A2: Specific and Potent CaV3 Channel Blockers
Modulator - Issue No. 27
…BDNF/TrkB-dependent manner. TrkB receptor is highly expressed in the medulla as shown in immunohistochemical staining using Alomone Labs Anti-TrkB (extracellular) Antibody (#ANT-019), and its expression increased under hypoxic conditions. In…
In Focus: 5-HT3 Receptors
Modulator - Issue No. 27
…Ca2+ ions. The presence of one or more 5-HT3A receptor subunits is necessary and essential3. Each 5-HT3 receptor subunit has a large extracellular domain critical for ligand binding, four transmembrane…
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocols for Frozen Sections: Indirect Methods
…97.65 Triton X-100* 0.3 Tween-20 0.05 Normal serum** 2 * If your primary antibody targets an extracellular protein, reduce the Triton X-100 to 0.05% in both the primary and secondary…
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocols for Frozen Sections: Multiplex Staining
…temperature. Rinse the sections with IHC-PBS for 2 x 5 minutes. *If your primary antibody targets an extracellular protein, reduce the Triton X-100 to 0.05% in both the primary and…
Blocking Peptide Protocols for Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC)
…an extracellular protein, reduce the Triton X-100 to 0.05% in both the primary and secondary antibody solutions. **Use a serum based on the species that your secondary antibody was raised…
Imaging ion channels with fluorescently labeled toxins
…Rat brain sections incubated with MmTx1 Toxin-ATTO Fluor-488 (#STM-550-AG) at a concentration of 25 nM. The sections were then incubated with Anti-GABA(A) α1 Receptor (extracellular) Antibody (#AGA-001), followed by donkey…
Anti-aging adenosine receptors
…Since the protein is on the surface, an ideal way of targeting that would be with something like our Anti-Adenosine A2B Receptor (extracellular) (AAR-003) Antibody, designed to target the extracellular region…
Finding Feeling: Biology of Senses Receives Nobel Prize
…study its expression on living cells: Anti-Human TRPV1 (extracellular) Antibody (#ACC-334) You can even get it conjugated to FITC for flow cytometry studies: Anti-Human TRPV1 (extracellular)-FITC Antibody (#ACC-334-F) Toxins and…
Research Roundup #6 – exploring diabetic pain and the diabetic heart
…(VR1) Antibody (#ACC-030) Anti-TRPV2 (VRL1) Antibody (#ACC-032) Anti-TRPV3 (extracellular) Antibody (#ACC-033) Anti-TRPV4 Antibody (#ACC-034) Anti-TRPV5 Antibody (#ACC-035) Anti-TRPV6 Antibody (#ACC-036) IL-17 reduces the susceptibility of diabetic mice to ventricular arrhythmia…
Research Roundup #7 – Pain suppression, SARS-CoV-2 resistance, and antihistamines versus cancer cells
…unpack here so take a look in the Journal of Immunology for the full story. Featured Product Anti-Human Orai1 (extracellular) Antibody (#ACC-060) for endogenous ORAI1 staining and analysis Antihistamines boost…
MANF and Alzheimer’s Disease
…Anti-Connexin-37 Antibody (#ACC-204) Anti-LPAR4 (P2Y9) (extracellular) Antibody (#ALR-034) Anti-α1-Syntrophin (SNTA1) Antibody (#APZ-021) Anti-SGLT1 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGT-031) We also have blocking peptides to be used as controls for each of these…
Can Neurotrophic Factor Antibodies Detect Subtle Pathological Processes?
…Antibody (#AFP-001) [for GFAP expression in rats] Anti-Connexin-43 Antibody (#ACC-201) Anti-Connexin-37 Antibody (#ACC-204) Anti-LPAR4 (P2Y9) (extracellular) Antibody (#ALR-034) Anti-α1-Syntrophin (SNTA1) Antibody (#APZ-021) Anti-SGLT1 (extracellular) Antibody (#AGT-031) We also have blocking…
Heart Defense: BKCa Channels in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes
…to more nuanced, effective therapies. Antibodies Anti-KCNMA1 (KCa1.1) (1097-1196) Antibody (#APC-021) Anti-KCNMA1 (KCa1.1) (extracellular) Antibody (#APC-151) Guinea pig Anti-KCNMA1 (KCa1.1) (1097-1196) Antibody (#APC-021-GP) Pharmacological Tools Iberiotoxin (#STI-400) – A Potent…
Alomone Labs: Twenty Years of Ion Channel Activity
Modulator - Issue No. 24
…antibodies production, including extracellular antibodies (recognizing their target from the outside), which enables detection in living cells, and fluorescently labeled antibodies. Alomone Labs puts a lot of emphasis and effort…
In Focus: Chemokine Receptors
GPCR Pathways - Issue No. 4
…to the following receptors: Anti-CXCR1 (extracellular) antibody (#ACR-011) and Anti-CXCR4 (extracellular) antibody (#ACR-014). These antibodies can be used in various applications, namely western blot, immunohistochemistry and indirect flow cytometry applications….
DNA-PAINT and Super-Resolution Microscopy
…not, you should consider extracellular antibodies. These are antibodies that we have designed to specifically target the extracellular portion of a protein – meaning you don’t need to fix and permeabilize…
Venom-Derived Ion Channel Modulators
…at 4°C. The cells were rinsed and analyzed by flow cytometry. Anti-P2Y12 Receptor (extracellular)-PE Antibody Anti-P2Y12 Receptor (extracellular)-PE Antibody Cat # APR-095-F Host Rabbit Clonality Polyclonal Anti-TREM2 (extracellular)-FITC Antibody Cat…
Think Outside the Cell
Extracellular Antibodies for Cell-Surface Proteins With “extracellular” antibodies: ✓ Monitor cell movement ✓ Work with live cells ✓ Cell permeabilization is unnecessary ✓ Cell fixation not required ✓ Cell-surface detection…
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocols for Frozen Sections: Direct Methods
…IHC-PBS (pH 7.4), 0.2% Triton X-100*, and 20% methanol, for 25 minutes at room temperature. * If your primary antibody targets an extracellular protein, reduce the Triton X-100 to 0.05%….
Astrocytes, Recycling, and the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
…when it comes to regulating brain functions, acting through a receptor called TrkB. We’ve known for some time that astrocytes express TrkB receptors and can internalize extracellular BDNF through receptor-mediated…
Ion channels on the move and Osmotic Adaptation in Rat Neurons
…2023 Feb 20;26(3):106258. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106258. PMID: 36926650; PMCID: PMC10011827. Antibody Anti-TRPV1 (VR1) (extracellular) Antibody (#ACC-029) Blockers/Antagonists: small molecules 5′-Iodoresiniferatoxin (#I-800) SB-366791 (#S-180) Activators/Agonists: small molecules 6′-Iodoresiniferatoxin (#I-805) Resiniferatoxin (#R-400) Explorer…
NT-3 and NT-4 at the Nerve Center of Neurotrophic Research
Neurotrophin Pathways - Issue No. 2
…the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, p75 (p75NTR), binds all NTs equally. p75NTR consists of a cysteine rich extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic sequence notably known for executing…
pro-Neurotrophins: The Other Identity of Neurotrophins
Neurotrophin Pathways - Issue No. 2
…the action of furin or proconvertase, or extracellularly by the action of plasmin, matrix metalloproteinase MMP-7 or MMP-914. It is well appreciated that proNTs also have functions in their own…
Survival and Phagocytic Effects of CNTF
Neurotrophin Pathways - Issue No. 2
…protein (#L-200), Anti-CNTF Antibody (#ANT-031), and Anti-CNTFRα (extracellular) Antibody (#ACR-051). References Albrecht, D. et al. (2012) Mol. Cell Neurosci. 49, 364. Albrecht, P.J. et al. (2007) Neurochem. Res. 32, 263….
Contribution of Ion Channels in Pain Sensation
Modulator - Issue No. 19
…when nociceptors are stimulated in response to substances that are released from damaged or inflamed tissue. This combination of substances is called the ‘inflammatory soup’ and it includes extracellular protons,…
The Ionotropic GABAA Receptor
Modulator - Issue No. 17
…demonstrating partial co-localization of GABAA receptor with Anti-GABA(A) α1 Receptor (extracellular) Antibody (#AGA-001) (green fluorescence), Acetyltransferase (red fluorescence) and Parvalbumin (blue fluorescence).Contributed by W. Hartig and J. Grosche, Leipzig University….
Endothelin Receptors
Modulator - Issue No. 15
…extracellular N-termini, 7 transmembrane domains and intracellular C-termini. They share ~60% homology. References Yanagisawa, M. et al. (1988) Nature 332, 411. Inoue, A. et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci….
GABAA receptors
Modulator - Issue No. 14
…1γ subunit when each one consists of 4 putative transmembrane domains, with a long N-terminus and a short C-terminus tail, both extracellular. The inhibition mediated by GABA is also induced…
Endothelin Receptors
Modulator - Issue No. 13
…receptors with extracellular N-termini, 7 transmembrane domains and intracellular C-termini. They share ~60% homology. References Yanagisawa, M. et al. (1988) Nature 332, 411. Inoue, A. et al. (1989) Proc. Natl….
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol for Frozen Heart Sections
…your primary antibody targets an extracellular protein, reduce the Triton X-100 to 0.05% in both the primary and secondary antibody solutions. **Use a serum based on the species that your…
Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, and Immunofluorescence Troubleshooting
…cases where the antibody targets an extracellular epitope because Triton X-100 is a relatively harsh detergent and too much can deteriorate the antigens. If you’re looking for a protocol, take…
Product Codes and Guinea Pig Antibodies
…pig version as well – it’s #ASC-005 in this case. This same logic will apply to conjugated antibodies: the conjugated form of Anti-KV1.3 (KCNA3) (extracellular) Antibody (#APC-101), for examlpe, is…
Astrocytes in Epilepsy: Friend or Foe?
…of glutamate (which plays a role in the initiation and spread of seizure activity) at seizure foci by down-regulating glutamine synthetase. This results in the release of glutamate to extracellular…
Carrier-Free Antibodies: the What, Why and How
…alternative to optogenetics. To achieve this antibody-AuNP conjugate, the team for biotinylated our Anti-P2X3 Receptor (extracellular) antibody (APR-026) – this is where antibodies are chemically modified to include biotin, a small…