Lyophilized Powder Lyophilized Powder
This product is freeze dried. All water molecules have been removed.
Bioassay Tested Bioassay Tested
The activity of this product has been verified and approved by our professional team.
Our Bioassay
Shipped at Room Temp. Shipped at Room Temp.
This lyophilized product is shipped at room temperature. Please see its certificate of analysis for further storage instructions.
Origin Tetraodon pardalis (puffer fish).
Source Natural
MW: 319.28
Purity: >98%
Effective concentration 100 nM - 1 µM.
Structure 
Chemical name Octahydro-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2-imino-5,9:7,10adimethano-10aH-[1,3]dioxocino[6,5-d]pyrimidine-4,7,10,11,12-pentol.
Molecular formula C11H17N3O8.
CAS No.: 4368-28-9.
Activity Tetrodotoxin is a potent and selective blocker of a subclass of NaV channels1, and is often used to define subclasses of NaV channels2.
Storage before reconstitution Lyophilized powder can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at 4°C.
Reconstitution Acidic buffer (pH 4.8). Centrifuge all product preparations before use (10000 x g 5 min).
Storage after reconstitution Up to one week at 4°C or six months at -20°C.
Our bioassay 
Alomone Labs Tetrodotoxin citrate free inhibits native NaV currents in PC-12 and ND7-23 cells.
Tetrodotoxin citrate free (#T-500) inhibits PC-12 (top) and ND7-23 (bottom) cells at a concentration of 60 nM. Left graphs show the time course of inward current amplitude upon bath application (marked by the horizontal bars) and wash of Tetrodotoxin citrate free. Membrane potential was clamped to -120 mV and currents were elicited by 20 ms test pulses to -10 or -20 mV (upper and lower graphs respectively), delivered every 10 sec. Right graphs show the superimposed traces of control current (red) and during perfusion of Tetrodotoxin citrate free (black).
References
- Narahashi, T. et al. (1964) J. Gen. Physiol. 47, 965.
- Hille, B. (2001) In: Ion Channels in Excitable Membranes (third edition) chapter 3.
Scientific background Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an established potent and selective blocker of some NaV channels.1 Moreover, TTX sensitivity is used to define subclasses of NaV channels.2 It is widely used both to probe NaV activity and to reduce or block excitability in neurophysiological preparations.
Target Various NaV Na+ channels
Lyophilized Powder
Last update: 31/07/2018
Tetrodotoxin citrate free (#T-500) is a highly pure, natural, and biologically active compound.
For research purposes only, not for human use
Citations
Product citations
- Askar, S.F.A. et al. (2013) Cardiovasc. Res. 97, 171.
- Bant, J.S. et al. (2013) J. Neurosci. 33, 4976.
- Browning, K.N. et al. (2013) J. Physiol. 591, 1563.
- Browning, K.N. et al. (2013) J. Physiol. 591, 2357.
- Dvorzhak, A. et al. (2013) J. Physiol. 591, 1145.
- Lu, V.B. et al. (2013) Mol. Pharmacol. 83, 267.
- Luo, R. et al. (2013) J. Physiol. 591, 203.
- Perez, G.J. et al. (2013) Am. J. Physiol. 304, C280.
- Ran, I. et al. (2013) J. Neurosci. 33, 1872.
- Ryan, R.T. et al. (2013) Cereb. Cortex 23, 1198.
- Tonini, R. et al. (2013) J. Neurophysiol. 109, 1514.
- Wen, H. et al. (2013) J. Neurosci. 33, 7384.
- Akemann, W. et al. (2012) J. Neurophysiol. 108, 2323.
- Colgan, L.A. et al. (2012) J. Neurosci. 32, 15737.
- Gkogkas, C.G. et al. (2012) Nature 493, 371.
- Goutman, J.D. (2012) J. Neurosci. 32, 17025.
- Janiek, R. et al. (2012) J. Physiol. 590, 5091.
- Kohlmeier, K.A. et al. (2012) J. Neurophysiol. 108, 2751.
- Song, W. et al. (2012) J. Physiol. 590, 5123.
- Guzman, J.N. et al. (2009) J. Neurosci. 29, 11011.
- Wan, S. et al. (2008) J. Neurosci. 28, 4957.
- Hirasawa, M. et al. (2004) J. Physiol. 559, 611.
- Jennings, E.A. et al. (2001) J. physiol. 534, 805.